The real beauty of Idukki dam explained ..

The beauty of Idukki dam explained well .. 

Some musings on Idukki hydro electric project (IHEP) 

Sreekumar.S, 

Chief Engineer( Retd),KSEB

Of late Idukki project especially 

Cheruthony dam with all the five radial crest gates partially opened and discharging up to 8 lakh litres per second has been stealing the thunder and the entire electronic and print media vying each other to beam the grand and rare spectacle across the world. Of course Cheruthony dam do deserve the publicity it is getting but as an engineer associated with all the three dams including its spillway gate operations , Idukki arch dam situated quite nearby should not feel alienated and let down by any means and I felt obliged to pen a few words .

It was early 1983 , a year or so after my my joining service at KSEB , I was posted at Idukki project in charge of the dam monitoring section. It was an obligatory posting after undergoing 5 months of intensive training at Montreal, Canada in Dam Monitoring & Instrumentation as part of the transfer of technology programme between Canada and India under CIDA (  Canadian International Development Agency) who aided the whole project.

The Idukki , Cheruthoni and Kulamavu dams forming part of the Idukki HEP were still in their infancy ( project was commissioned about 7 years back in late 1975) and constantly being monitored through the observation of the various parameters through the embedded instrumentation like electronic stress and strain gauges , base meters, suspended and inverted pendulums etc.

Idukki dam has several firsts to its credit. Simply speaking it is the first double curvature thin shell parabolic arch dam in India or in Asia. The Canadian consultancy firm M/s SNC who assisted in designing this unique structure had by that time completed the design and execution of a much bigger multiple arch dam  namely  Daniel Johnson across Manicougan river in Hudson bay , north of Quebec province in Canada and I am privileged to see that super dam ( 702 feet high with a volume 5 times of Idukki) considered to be the parent dam of our Idukki. 

Idukki dam's statistics are astounding and  features jaw dropping. It is almost 555 feet high from the deepest foundation ( It is hard to forget this figure as I had linked it to the famous cigarette brand State Express 555!) . 

Double curvature means it is built with curves in both vertical and horizontal axis. Thin shell denotes a portion of hen's egg shell known for its phenomenal strength.Eggs have a reputation for being quite strong under compressional loads. You won't believe your eyes when you see how strong they actually are — an egg can support a person!As compared to an egg shell having shell thickness of 0.6 mm , the Idukki dam bottom is more than 30,000 times thick at about 19 m and it tapers to about 6 m at the dam top. 

Shells structures derive their strength from curvature and so the geometry of the structure matters a lot.When the load applied is uniform/distributed, the forces experienced by the shell are transmitted as in-plane shear forces and the stress in the direction of thickness is negligible. Most importantly the principle of arch action (Instead of pushing straight down, the load of an arch  is carried outward along the curve of the arch to the supports at each end. The weight is transferred to the supports at either end. These supports, called the abutments, carry the load and keep the ends of the  spreading out) has been incorporated in the Idukki dam by the ingenious concept of an INVERTED ARCH. Here the huge thrust from the water is transmitted to the natural abutments viz. Kuravan and Kurathy Mala(hillocks) of igneous granite and charnockite formed millions of years back. 

The major advantage derived from Arch dam is minimal amount of concrete material required as the stresses of the thrust of water is taken care by both arch action and cantilever action requiring considerably small width at the bottom. Had Idukki been constructed  a conventional Gravity type dam , it would have consumed about 4 to 5  times as much concrete . With Idukki dam having 4.5lakh m^3 volume , one can calculate how much concrete has been saved by this clever design vis-a-vis Cheruthony gravity dam despite being  shorter  by 100 feet at 450 feet high having a volume of 17 lakh m^3.

As mentioned earlier my job was to monitor the performance of the dams due to the fluctuating water levels in the reservoir . Though these dams appear to be solid  monolithic impervious structures from outside , actually it is not so. In order to facilitate inspection a labyrinth of galleries have been provided in the core of the dam at different levels all connected through inclined galleries with steps . So also a maze of formed drains have also been provided through which whatever water seeping through the body of the dams are collected and safely let out . Lifts have been provided for gaining access to these galleries from dam top. While the lift machine room is visible for Cheruthony and travels through the dam body itself for Idukki due to the thin shell and parabolic arch section , the lift well has been provided inside the right abutment which is Kurathymala. It travels a vertical distance of almost 50 floors ( +500 feet) from gallery @ 1900 feet( all levels above Mean Sea Level in short MSL)  to dam top +2410 with two intermediate stoppage at +2100 & +2300 feet galleries) . That time it was one of the tallest lifts  (OTIS) in India which even now I am sure is true for our state . As the AE in charge It was part of my duty to maintain the trouble free operation of the lifts and a privilege to accompany VIP's and high ranking officials during their visit to the dams and for the travel in to galleries through the lift. 

I still recollect while descending with VIP's from top  suddenly  the lift got stuck about 250 feet( 25 floors )below, and I had to climb all the way up through the slippery rung ladder provided in the  vertical lift shaft with a free fall of about 50 stories so as to reach the machine room and meddle with some control relays to bring the lift up. That was one frightening experience and even now I get cold sweat recollecting it. 

Similarly my duties very often took me to the dam galleries which are dimly lit ,cold  eerily silent and lonely ( except the company of 2 or 3 staff to carry torch and small equipments for taking readings) environment and spent hours together. At times during such inspections power failure would happen and in such cases would have to climb the treacherous steps to the exit with the faint  glow of a torch  in pitch dark. Mind that hardly few meters away huge reservoir with 2 Thousand Million Cubic meter (2000TMC) of water is  

thrusting against the dam body. But we had absolute faith that the dam will not cheat . And for the next five years or so the galleries of  Idukki , Cheruthoni and Kulamavu dams were practically like a second home for me. Such intimate was my association , I believe even now the dams may perhaps remember me  if I go near it!

Last week  the spillways of Cheruthoni were opened with a maximum regulated discharge of 8 lakh litres per second. At least few people had a doubt what would happen if more inflow to the reservoir had occurred demanding higher spillage. To that query , Cheruthoni spillways can handle even 5 times that ( 42.5lakhs/ sec)spill , but pray that nature will not test us to such extreme level. 

To sum up I can confidently state that the  KSEB dams are built to last and they will withstand the vagaries of nature and act as our guardian Angeles for a long time to come from deluge.

Parker solar probe ..

Prof. Eugene Parker watching the probe going into space ..

University of Chicago Prof. Emeritus Eugene Parker at 91 years becomes the first human in history to watch a space craft in his/her name launched during his/her lifetime.

The objective of the Parker solar probe is to check Parker's theories of the corona around the sun and the solar wind.

The probe will fly into the corona within 4 million kilometres of the sun and will be subject to temperatures, close to a million degrees C.. 

Click here for the NASA video on the Parker Solar Probe ..

In the pic Prof. Parker watches the probe going up on a Delta rocket from Cape Canaveral on Sunday 12 August '18.

george ..

Top 100 disruptive technologies of the world ..

Here is a list of the top 100 disruptive technologies that are going to change the world in the coming 20 years.

Courtesy Imperial College London.

george

Doing role play in the classroom ..

How to Use Role Play

Frequently we come across situations where students are unfamiliar with the case and cannot figure out what's happening. In such situations it helps to do a role play assigning different students to different characters in the case. This helps the students to understand in real time the mindset of the character, the difficult decision making he /she has to do, the many data he /she has to gather and process . It is as effective as a case study less the actual field data ..

It is easy to set up and run a role-playing session. It will help to follow the five steps below.

Step 1: Identify the Situation 

To start the process, gather people together, introduce the problem, and encourage an open discussion to uncover all of the relevant issues. This will help people to start thinking about the problem before the role-play begins. 

Step 2: Add Details 

Next, set up a scenario in enough detail for it to feel "real." Make sure that everyone is clear about the problem that you're trying to work through, and that they know what you want to achieve by the end of the session 

Step 3: Assign Roles 

Once you've set the scene, identify the various fictional characters involved in the scenario. Some of these may be people who have to deal with the situation when it actually happens (for example, salespeople). Others will represent people who are supportive or hostile, depending on the scenario (for example, an angry client).
Once you've identified these roles, allocate them to the people involved in your exercise; they should use their imagination to put themselves inside the minds of the people that they're representing. This involves trying to understand their perspectives, goals, motivations, and feelings when they enter the situation. 

Step 4: Act Out the Scenario 

Each person can then assume their role, and act out the situation, trying different approaches where necessary. It can be useful if the scenarios build up in intensity. For instance, if the aim of your role-play is to practice a sales meeting, the person playing the role of the potential client could start as an ideal client, and, through a series of scenarios, could become increasingly hostile and difficult. You could then test and practice different approaches for handling situations, so that you can give participants experience in handling them. 

Step 5: Discuss What You Have Learned 

When you finish the role-play, discuss what you've learned, so that you or the people involved can learn from the experience

(Credits to www.mindtools.com)

Results of the game played in the BBA sem 5 Operations class ..

By playing this game it becomes easy to understand the role played by the important stakeholders in taking the decision and solving the management problem. For examples, we did a role play of the

Problem Statement : TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN SILK BOARD JUNCTION IN BANGALORE.

The stakeholders who were taking part in the role play were

• a very concerned citizen
• the Chief Minister of the State
• the BBMP Commissioner representing the Bangalore corporation body
• the Director General of Police (DGP) representing the Police and law enforcement, 
• the representatives of the two and three wheeler and light 4 wheeler owners and 
• the representative of the heavy multi tyre and OTR vehicles. 

The rest of the students in the class were again part of the audience.

In about an hour, the students got a grip of how the role play is enacted and brought out various dimensions and perspectives of the problem like

• metro construction
• most of the IT employees not taking car pooling seriously
• no proper segregation of lanes for buses and private vehicles
• unrestricted movement of heavy trucks and cargo vehicles blocking other vehicles movement
• not enough width for roads
• proposing fines on single occupant vehicles
• providing safety  for ladies in share cabs and so on.

George Easaw

Mercedes Benz green stadium Atlanta US

World's first *LEED Platinum certified* (highest green rating) $1.5 billion stadium has a retractable dome, an area of 2 million sqft, seats 71,000 spectators, uses 47% less water, 60% less energy and uses 4000 photovoltaic panels that can power up to 11 football games. It was opened in August 2017.  It will be one of the main stadia of the 2026 Wotld Cup football to be hosted by US, Canada and Mexico .. 

https://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/936771/mercedes-benz-stadium-becomes-greenest-sports-venue-in-world-check-out-images/2/

IKEA - the unique operations strategy

http://aeunike.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/03/Case-Kel.9.pdf

This article tries to highlight IKEA's unique operations strategy that makes it the most popular furniture dealer in the world

Understanding the disposal habits of people ..

While trying to research into what influences people's behaviour to disposal, I found that understanding the disposal habits of people is important to find what they dispose and what they do not.  

There are three aspects which influence our disposal habits

1. Distortion bias - Through experiments it was found that people tend to less dispose of end products which have been crushed or distorted than end products which have not been distorted. Only good form end products make it to recycling than crushed or distorted end products.

2. Identity bias - end products with either name or photo of the user tends to get recycled more than items which do not have identification details of the user. 

3. Knowledge of recycling -  How much of resources we use and how much we waste depend to a great extent to the knowledge on how the resource can be recycled. If we know that the end product is going to be recycled, it is but human tendency that we use more of the raw material than if we were to know that the end product would not be recycled. We see here that positive emotions associated with recycling can overpower the negative emotions associated with wasting of resources.

What finally is the awareness of this knowledge what influences disposal behaviour ?

Companies can plan to have end products which are difficult to damage so that it will find its way to recycling than to waste heaps.

george..

Ref : Remi Trudel, The behavioural economics of recycling, HBR, October 2016